Apparatus for regulating the voltage of an electric current.



W. J. WILLIAMS. APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VOLTAGE OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT. APPLIIOATION FILED MAR. 12, 1908.

907,93 1 Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

, Even/01 4% (M W W. J. WILLIAMS. APPARATUS FOR BEGULATING THE VOLTAGE OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12, 1908.

907,93 1 Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED sratrns OFFICE.

WYNANTYJAMESWILIILIAMS, or ALBANY, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR nneurimnevrim von'men oF-AN-n-nncrmo elm-RENT.

To all whom it may concern:

Bait known-thatl, WYNANTJAMES WIL- LIA s, a citizen of Great Britain, residing at cuts in such a manner that the voltage will" use at any desired rate asthe load on the circuit or system of circuits increases.

My method of regulating depends upon the use of a.c0r,e of laminated, paramagnetic material such as soft iron upon which is wound one or more coils of: wire one of which is connected in series with the loadcircuit or system of circuits. The magnetomotive force produced by the current inthe one coil or the resultant magnetomotive force produced by the currents in all the coils is at all times during the operation of the apparatus sufiicient to carry the core throug its cycle of magnetization from a practically saturated condition in one dimotion to a practically saturated condition in the opposite direction. The regulation is obtained by changing the rate at which this flux changes from one maximum value to the other and alsoby changing the eriods ill-the cycle during which this flux cl ianges. The-means used to obtain the aboveresults can be best understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the arrangement of my apparatus when used to regulate the voltage of an ordinary load circuit. Fig. '2 shows curves of the electromotive force in my apparatus without load. Fig. 3 shows curves of the electromotive force in my apparatus with loadon. Fig. 4 is a diagram of my ap aratus in connection with a compensator. ig. 5 is adiagram of my aparatus in connection with a transformer. igs. 6, 7 and 8 are diagrams used to show Speeiffieatiomof Letters Patent. Applicationflled March712; 1308: flerialfloinzgm h compound ng Patented Dec. 29 1908.

action :of my a when arian ed-as shown'in Figs-flan 5,.

Similar etters. refe to s mi a l throughout the several views. a

A indicates a source of, an approximately constant alternating) electromotive force.

B and O are .two coilswound u on-thecore C said-core being made oflamin ited, paramagnetic material such as-soft iron. The coils .B-and Cand coreG are so desi d that the core is saturated by themewfiffirt magnetomotive .force. produced by the currents in the two coils. D is another. coil wound upon a separate coreD which does not become saturated.

0 and D are connectedin seriesncross. the

circuitwhile B .is connected inseries ith the loadcircuit-B.

At no load the .magnetizing current through the coils. (la d Delirium-current passes h ugh coil B. The magnetiz ng current flowing through the coil 0 issufiicient to saturate the-coreG upon whicluitis wound. Y s In Fig. 2 I show the electromotive fqrce curves at no load. F is the electromotiue force impressed across the terminals of, the coil B. E is the electromotive force .im-

pressed across the terminals of-the load-circuit B Since thisapparatus islsupplied -by anapproximately constant electromotive-0106, t increase the load the impedanceof-thedoad circuit must be decreased. The impedance of the coil Dis practically constant. Therefore as the load increases the ratio of the ampere turns of the coil-B to the ampere turns of the coil O will change in sucha -manner that the resultant magnetomotive force will increasethus causing the core C to become more quickly magnetized, and to become saturated sooner in each half cycle. As

soon as the core 0 becomes saturated the total electromotive force is thrown acrossthe load-circuit. When the currents in the two coils B and 0 decrease, below the value necessary to saturatethe core C the fluxthroughl the coils will decrease thus giving back its energy to the circuit.

In Fig. 3 I show the-electromotiveforce wurveswhen loadis taken h" the load circuit. 'His the electromotive orce im ressed across. thejterminalsfloi the coil B and is the electromoti-ve force" rimpressedlgacross. the

terminals of the load-circuit B. Comparing thesecurves with the no load curves of'Fig.

' j 2 it will be seen that as the load increases the ordinates of. the curverepresentmgthe'elec- 'troniotiveforce impressed across the term 1- nals. of the lOflrd'p circuit increase. v.j-"lhis .means that the square root of; the'avera e square of the ordinates of the curve G will e greater than the squarerootof the average sqllllare of the ordinates of the curve E, or in ct er words the efiective volts across the load circuit will increase as the load increases.

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the method of using my ap aratus in connection withacompensator. is a coil wound u on a core K, said corebeing saturated at al loads. This core and coil are so designed that the magnetizing current taken by the comnsator saturated core Kis increased thus causing the efiective voltage across the secondary circuit to increase as the load increases for the same reason that the voltage across the load circuit in Fig. 1 increases with the load.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing my apparatus used-in connection with a transformer. This is the same as shown in Fig. 4 except that tour coils are used and the primary and secondary circuits are insulated from each other. u

The coils N and R are wound upon the saturated core N and the coils P and S are the primary and secondary coils respectively of a transformer.

The electromotiveiorce curves for Figs. 4 and 5 are similar to those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in which F? and H represent the primary electromotive force impressed across the terminals of the coil wound upon the saturated core and E and G represent the primary electromo'tive force impressed across the terminals of the coil wound upon the unsaturated core.

The electromotive force curves for the secondary coils are similar to those for the primary coils except that they are of opposite sign and are not of the same relative size owing to the fact that the ratio of the numher of turns on the primary to the number I of turns on the secondary is not the same on the saturated as on the unsaturated cores.

show the 'compoundin compensator or a trans ormer on which the- The vector sum of the backelectromotive force generated in the primary coils wound upon the saturatedand unsaturated cores is e ual to the impressed electromotive force. The, total electromotive force generated in the secondarycoils equal to the vector sum of the electromotwe force generated in the separate coils. I Y

In order to make clearer the compounding action of my apparatus as shown in .Figs. 4

5 I have awn; the vector diagrams shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. These dia ams action of cit er a ratio of the primary windings to the secondary windings on the unsaturated core is .1 to 1 While the ratio of the same windings on the saturated core is 2 to 1.

Since the compoundin action of my apparatus is due to the c ange in the form actor of the electromotive force curves; these curves will not in general be sine curves 1 have therefore reduced the actual curves to their equivalent sine curves and the length of the vectors in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 represent the eflect-ive values of these equivalent sine curves and the phase position of these vectors represent the phase position of these equvalent sine curves. In these figures C is the impressed electromotive force across the terminals of the primary circuit. 0?) is the impressed'ele'ctromotive force across the terminal of the coil wound upon the saturated core, to is the impressed electromotive force across the terminals of the coil wound upon the unsaturated core. cl) is the electromotive force generated in the secondary coil wound upon the unsaturated core, to is the electromotive force generated in the secondary coil wound upon the saturated core, and co is the 'electromotive force across the terminals of the secondary circuit.

Fig. 6 is the no load diagram, Fig. 7 shows the effect of increasing the load and Fig. 8 shows the effect of a still further increase.

'I he vector diagrams forlTig. 1 are similar to those for Figs. 4 and 5 except that there is no component be. In Figs. 6, 7 and 8 let 0C represent the impressed electromotive force across the circuit of Fig. 1- then ob will represent the electromotive force impressed across the coil 18 wound upon the saturated core and he will represent the impressed electromotive force across the load circuit.

From Figs. 6, '2 and 8 it will be seen that for Fig. 1, be or the electromotive force across the load circuit increases as the load increases, and for Figs. 1- and 5, so or the elec tromotive force across the secondar circuit increases as'the load increases. '1 ese figures also show how the rate at which the electromotive force across the secondary circuit will increase as the load increases can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the num-' A bar of turns on the primary to the number of turns on the seconda coil wound upon the saturated core or in ot er words, by changing the ratio of ob to be and also the position of these lines with respect to the line 00 or the impressed electromotive force.

The reason for the increase inthe phase angle between 00 and 0b with increase in load can be best understood by reference to Fig. 5. N and P are connected in series and must therefore have the same current passing through them. R and S are also connected in series and must therefore carry the same current. The core upon which N and R are wound is magnetized by the resultant magnetomotive force of the current in N and R. The core u on which P and S are Wound is magnetize by the resultant magnetomotive force of the current in P and S. At no load R and S carry no current, N and P carry only the magnetizing current and the core N is saturated. The back electromotive force generated in N and P are therefore in base and opposed to the primary impresse electromotlve force. If there were no secondary coil R wound upon the core N and load was taken from S, the secondary of the transformer, enough current would flow through P the primary circuit to neutralize the efl'ect of the secondary current in S and the core of the transformer would still be magnetized by the magnetizing current only. The core N 2 would now be magnetized by the resultant of the magnetizing current and the load current taken through N b the transformer. This resultant current is al iead in phase of the magnetizing current taken by the transformer and is also greater in value, therefore the core N will be more rapidly magnetized and become sooner saturated. This means that the back electromotive force generated in N will reach its maximum sooner than the back electromotive force generated in P or in other words the electromotive force of N will be ahead in phase of the electromotive force of P. Since N 2 is magnetized part1 by the load current it is evident that as the lbad increases N will become sooner saturated and the phase angle between 00 and 05 will increase with the load. The effect of puttin the secondary winding R on the saturate core N is to partly neutralize the eflect of the load current in N so that the resultant magnetomotive force which saturates the core N will increase gradually as the load increases. The current in R is 180 electrical de rees out of phase with the load current in The ampere turns of R will neutralize the effect of an equal number of ampere turns of the load current in N. The resultant magnetizing am ere turns acting on the core N will then be ue, to the unneutralized ampere turns of the loadcurrent in N, plus the ampere turns due tothetransformer magof turns of N and R not only changes the value of the electromotive forces generated in these coils but also their hase position with respect to the impresse primary electromotive force.

The reason for the phase position of the vectors of Figs. 6, 7 and 8 when they represent the electromotive forces in the different coils of Fig. 4 is the same as that given above for Fig. 5. 7

Comparing Figs. 1 and 5 it will be seen that the 'reactance D Fig. (1) takes a current similar to the magnetizing current taken by P Fig. 5. The load circuit'B Fig. (1) takes a current similar to the load current taken by P Fig. 5. The core 0 Fig. (1) is saturated by the resultant current in C and B and since this resultant current is similar in every respect to the resultant current taken by N Fig. 5 the compounding effect of this apparatus is similar in every respect to that of Fig. 5 as described above. In Fig. '1 the rate at which the voltage will'increase wlthincrease of load can be changed by changing the ratio of the number of turns of the coils C and B. Changing this ratio will have the same effect as changmg the ratio of N and R Fig. 5 that is it will not only change the value of the electromotive forces generated in C and B but also their vector position with respect to the impressed electromotive force.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus for regulating the voltage of an electrlc current consisting of a circuit leading from a source oflan approximately constant electromotive force, a core of parama etic material normallyv saturated at all loa s, another core of paramagnetic material not saturated, two rimary-coils connected in series with each ofller and with the supply circuit, one of these coils wound. upon the saturated core and the other upon the unsaturated core, a load circuit, two secondary coils connected in series with each other and with the load circuit, one of these coils being wound upon the saturated core and the ether upon the. unsaturated core, the ratio of the number of turns on the primary coil to the number of turns on the secondary coil wound u on the saturated core not being e ual to t e ratio of the number of turns on t e' primary coil to the number of turns on the sec.- ondary coilwound u onthe unsaturated core, substantially as escribed..

2. A vdevice for regulating the voltage of an electric current consisting of, a. circuit eading from a source of an approximately constant electromotive force, a transformer, a load circuit, a core of paramagnetic material which is normally saturated at all loads, a primary coil wound upon this saturated core and connected in series with the primary coil number of turns on the secondary coil wound of the transformer and with the supply cirupon the saturated core, substantially as decuit, a secondary coil wound upon the satuscribed and for the pur oses set forth.

rated core and connected in series with the In testimony whereo I have aflixed my 5 secondary coil of the transformer and with signature in presence of two witnesses.

the load circuit, the ratio of the number of WYNANT JAMES WILLIAMS turns on the primary coil to the number of Witnesses:

LOTTIE PRIOR, WALTER E. WARD.

turns on the secondary coil of the transformer not being equal to the. ratio of the 10 number of turns on the primary coil to the 

